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Misrepresentation
Misrepresentation is when someone convinces you to agree to a contract by telling you something important that is not true, which hurts you later.
What it actually is
It occurs when a party makes a false statement of fact that induces the other party to enter into a contract. In a court case, a misrepresentation claim usually arises as a defense to performance of the contract or as a request for the court to undo the deal (rescission) or award damages for the loss caused.
Why it matters in your case
If you can prove misrepresentation, you may be able to get out of the contract or recover money you lost because of the lie. It shifts the responsibility onto the person who made the false statement, rather than leaving you stuck with a bad deal.
The common misunderstanding
Many people think any broken promise or disappointment qualifies, but misrepresentation requires a knowingly false statement of fact, not just an opinion or a failed prediction. It also does not cover situations where you simply failed to read the contract or realize something on your own.
Get the actual rule
Definitions are orientation; rules are authority
This page explains the concept. When it matters to your case, read the rule that governs it in your court — we hold Texas, federal and Washington court rules word for word, and every state's official resources are on the state pages. If someone cites a case at you, check that it exists first.
Related
Terms that travel with this one
General explanation, not legal advice, and not specific to any state — procedures and deadlines vary by jurisdiction and court. If you can get a lawyer or free legal aid, do: every real option.