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State Court
A state court is a court that handles legal cases based on the laws of your state, rather than federal laws.
What it actually is
State courts are the judicial systems created by each state to interpret and apply their own state laws, constitutions, and regulations. They are the primary forum for most legal disputes, including criminal prosecutions, contract disputes, family matters, and personal injury claims. In a typical case, your case will begin in a state trial court, and if appealed, it may go to a state appellate court and then to the state's highest court, often called the supreme court of that state.
Why it matters in your case
If you are sued or charged with a crime under state law, you will be in a state court rather than a federal court, which means the rules of procedure, evidence, and deadlines are set by that state. Understanding that you are in a state court is important because the state's specific rules and statutes will govern your case, and you must comply with those local procedures.
The common misunderstanding
Many people mistakenly think that any serious legal issue must go to federal court, but in fact, the vast majority of cases—such as divorce, landlord-tenant disputes, and most criminal cases—are handled exclusively in state court. Another common confusion is that state courts and federal courts are interchangeable, but they are separate systems with different jurisdiction and rules.
Get the actual rule
Definitions are orientation; rules are authority
This page explains the concept. When it matters to your case, read the rule that governs it in your court — we hold Texas, federal and Washington court rules word for word, and every state's official resources are on the state pages. If someone cites a case at you, check that it exists first.
Related
Terms that travel with this one
General explanation, not legal advice, and not specific to any state — procedures and deadlines vary by jurisdiction and court. If you can get a lawyer or free legal aid, do: every real option.