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Information
An 'information' is a formal written accusation filed by a prosecutor to start a criminal case, similar to an indictment but without a grand jury.
What it actually is
It is a charging document that lists the specific crimes the defendant is accused of committing, along with the essential facts. The prosecutor files it directly with the court, and it replaces the need for a grand jury indictment in many jurisdictions for certain offenses. The case then proceeds to arraignment, where the defendant is formally notified of the charges.
Why it matters in your case
If you are charged by information, it means the prosecutor has decided to bring the case without a grand jury, which can affect how quickly the case moves forward. You will still have the right to challenge the sufficiency of the information and to receive a copy before your first court appearance.
The common misunderstanding
People often confuse 'information' with 'indictment,' but an information is filed directly by a prosecutor, while an indictment comes from a grand jury. Another common mistake is thinking 'information' refers to evidence or facts in the case, rather than the formal charging document itself.
Get the actual rule
Definitions are orientation; rules are authority
This page explains the concept. When it matters to your case, read the rule that governs it in your court — we hold Texas, federal and Washington court rules word for word, and every state's official resources are on the state pages. If someone cites a case at you, check that it exists first.
Related
Terms that travel with this one
General explanation, not legal advice, and not specific to any state — procedures and deadlines vary by jurisdiction and court. If you can get a lawyer or free legal aid, do: every real option.